Liquid crystal display device&#39;s substrate, liquid crystal display device including the same, and manufacturing method of the same

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device in which an alignment direction of a liquid crystal molecule at the time of driving is regulated by using a polymer, and has an object to provide a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device in which excellent display characteristics can be obtained. A liquid crystal layer containing a polymerizable component capable of being polymerized by light is sealed between two substrates arranged to be opposite to each other, the polymerizable component is polymerized by irradiation of light under a predetermined light irradiation condition while a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer under a predetermined voltage application condition, and when a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule and/or an alignment direction at a time of driving is regulated, at least one of the voltage application condition and the light irradiation condition is changed for each region.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/368,870, filed Feb. 19,2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,903,787.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device forregulating the alignment direction of a liquid crystal molecule at thetime of driving by using a polymer, a manufacturing method of the same,and a liquid crystal display device's substrate used for the same.

Besides, the invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and amanufacturing method of the same, and particularly to a liquid crystaldisplay device in which an uneven display can be reduced and amanufacturing method of the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Conventionally, as an active matrix type liquid crystal display device,a twisted nematic (TN) mode is widely used in which a liquid crystalmaterial having a positive dielectric anisotropy is aligned to behorizontal with respect to a substrate surface in a dark state and to betwisted 90 degrees between opposite substrates.

This TN mode liquid crystal display device has a problem that its visualangle characteristics are poor, and various studies have been carriedout to improve the visual angle characteristics. Then, as a modereplacing the TN mode, a multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) mode hasbeen developed. In the MVA mode, a liquid crystal material having anegative dielectric anisotropy is vertically aligned, and by alignmentregulating structures, such projections or slits, provided on asubstrate surface, inclination directions of liquid crystal molecules atthe time of voltage application are regulated in plural directionswithout performing a rubbing treatment to an alignment film. The MVAmode liquid crystal display device is greatly improved in the visualangle characteristics as compared with the TN mode.

Although the MVA mode liquid crystal display device has superior visualangle characteristics as described above, since the projections or theslits for regulating the alignment are provided, the aperture ratio isinevitably lowered. Thus, the conventional MVA mode liquid crystaldisplay device has a problem that the transmission factor is low ascompared with the TN mode liquid crystal display device and its displaycauses a feeling of dark. Its main cause is that portions above thealignment regulating structures become the boundaries of alignmentdivision to generate dark lines, and the transmission factor becomeslow. In order to improve the transmission factor, the arrangementintervals of the alignment regulating structures have only to be madesufficiently wide. However, in that case, since the alignment regulatingstructures becomes few in number, even if a predetermined voltage isapplied to a liquid crystal, it takes a long time for the alignment tobecome stable, and the response speed becomes low.

Further, it can not be neglected that the formation itself of the minuteand fine projections or slits complicates the manufacturing process andincreases the manufacturing cost.

Then, in order to realize the MVA mode liquid crystal display devicewhich has high luminance and enables high speed response, a method hasbeen proposed in which the alignment direction of a liquid crystalmolecule at the time of driving is regulated by using a polymer. In thismethod, a liquid crystal material in which a liquid crystal and apolymerizable component such as a monomer or an oligomer are mixed issealed between two substrates. As the polymerizable component, amaterial which is polymerized by light or heat is used. In a state wherea predetermined voltage is applied between the substrates to incline thepolymerizable component, UV light irradiation or heating is performed topolymerize the polymerizable component and the polymer is formed. By thepolymer formed in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate, even ifthe voltage application is removed, the liquid crystal layer in which apredetermined alignment direction and a pre-tilt angle are regulated canbe obtained. Thus, a rubbing treatment of an alignment film becomesunnecessary. As stated above, when the method for giving thepredetermined alignment direction and pre-tilt angle to the liquidcrystal molecule by the polymer is used, it becomes possible to providethe MVA mode liquid crystal display device which has high luminance andenables high speed response. Incidentally, for further details, pleaserefer to the specification of Japanese Patent Application (JapanesePatent Application No. 2001-98455 and No. 2001-264117) by the applicantsof the present application.

FIG. 42 shows a display region of a conventional MVA mode liquid crystaldisplay device. A liquid crystal material in which a monomer is mixed isinjected through a liquid crystal injection port 12 formed at one endpart of a panel. While the injected liquid crystal material diffuses ina narrow cell gap, the distribution of the monomer becomes irregular ina display region 10. Especially, in regions β in the vicinities of twocorners at the side opposite to the liquid crystal injection port 12,the concentration of the monomer becomes low as compared with anotherregion α. Thus, in the regions β, a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystalmolecule obtained after a polymer is formed by irradiation of UV lightbecomes larger than that in the other region α. Here, the pre-tilt angleis an inclination angle of a liquid crystal molecule with respect to asubstrate surface in a state where a voltage is not applied to a liquidcrystal layer. That is, when the pre-tilt angle is 90°, the liquidcrystal molecule is aligned vertically to the substrate surface.

FIG. 43 shows a luminance distribution on line A-A′ of a display screenof the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 42. The horizontalaxis indicates position on the line A-A′, and the vertical axisindicates luminance. A left end part of the display region 10 on theline A-A′ is denoted by A0, a boundary between the region α and theregion β is denoted by A1, and a right end part of the display region 10is denoted by A2. Incidentally, this liquid crystal display device has anormally black mode, and it is assumed that the same gradation isdisplayed on the whole display region 10. As shown in FIG. 43, thealmost uniform luminance distribution is obtained in the region α,however, in the region β, as compared with the region α, the luminanceis lowered since the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule islarger than that in the region α. Thus, an uneven luminance is seen onthe display screen.

Besides, in the conventional color liquid crystal display device, when ahalf tone (gray scale) is displayed, coloring is seen. That is, at thechange of the gradation from white to black, the chromaticity ischanged. This phenomenon indicates that a different color is reproducedin not only in achromatic color but also in chromatic color, and thereoccurs a problem that a desired display image can not be obtained. Itscause is that since wavelengths of light transmitting through respectivecolors of color filter (CF) resin layers are different from one another,the substantial magnitudes of retardations including the liquid crystallayer are different among the respective colors, and the transmissioncharacteristics (T-V characteristic) are different among the respectivecolors.

As measures to the above problem, a method called multi-gap is proposedin which a cell gap is changed for each pixel different in color.However, the manufacture in which the cell gap is controlled for eachpixel has a problem that the process becomes complicated and themanufacturing cost is increased.

As other measures, there is a method in which an input signal isconverted by a signal conversion element such as a scaler IC, and theT-V characteristics for each color are adjusted. However, the scaler ICincluding a frame memory is expensive and lacks versatility.

Besides, in an MVA mode liquid crystal display device using a method forgiving a pre-tilt angle by using a polymer structure, as shown in FIG.44, there is a case where an uneven display 100 occurs in the vicinityof a corner part 50 opposite to a liquid crystal injection port 12 in ahalf tone display. FIG. 44 is a schematic view showing the conventionalliquid crystal display device. Thus, a technique of reducing the unevendisplay 100 has been awaited.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystaldisplay device in which excellent display characteristics can beobtained, a manufacturing method of the same, and a liquid crystaldisplay device's substrate used for the same.

Besides, another object of the invention is to provide a liquid crystaldisplay device in which an open area ratio is improved easily andcertainly without causing defects such as an uneven display and a highlyreliable liquid crystal display is realized, and a manufacturing methodof the same.

Further, a still another object of the invention is to provide a liquidcrystal display device having a less uneven display and a manufacturingmethod of the same.

The above objects are achieved by a manufacturing method of a liquidcrystal display device characterized in that a liquid crystal layercontaining a polymerizable component capable of being polymerized bylight is sealed between two substrates arranged to be opposite to eachother, the polymerizable component is polymerized by irradiation oflight under a predetermined light irradiation condition while a voltageis applied to the liquid crystal layer under a predetermined voltageapplication condition, and when a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystalmolecule and/or an alignment direction at a time of driving isregulated, at least one of the voltage application condition and thelight irradiation condition is changed for each region.

Besides, the above objects can be achieved by a liquid crystal displaydevice in which a first substrate including a first electrode and asecond substrate including a second electrode are bonded through analignment film and a liquid crystal layer, and which is characterized inthat polymer structures for aligning liquid crystal molecules in apredetermined direction are formed in a liquid crystal of the liquidcrystal layer, and the liquid crystal molecules have pre-tilt anglessubstantially equal to each other between a display part of the liquidcrystal layer and its peripheral part.

Further, the above objects can be achieved by a manufacturing method ofa liquid crystal display device in which a first substrate including afirst electrode and a second substrate including a second electrode arebonded by a seal member through an alignment film and a liquid crystallayer, and which is characterized in that the alignment film and theseal member are disposed to be substantially in contact with each other,and when the liquid crystal layer is formed, a liquid crystal in whichmonomers for aligning liquid crystal molecules in a predetermineddirection are mixed is used, the liquid crystal is injected so that theliquid crystal molecules have a same alignment over almost the wholesurface of the liquid crystal layer, and then, the monomers arepolymerized to form polymer structures of a predetermined alignmentpattern, and the liquid crystal molecules are subjected to alignmentregulation by the polymer structures.

Besides, the above objects can be achieved by a liquid crystal displaydevice comprising a pair of substrates disposed to be opposite to eachother, a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of substrates, and aseal member for sealing peripheries of the pair of substrates, andcharacterized in that a structure for slowing an injection speed of theliquid crystal in a vicinity of the seal member when the liquid crystalis injected into a space between the pair of substrates is provided inthe vicinity of the seal member.

Further, the above objects can be achieved by a manufacturing method ofa liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates disposedto be opposite to each other, a liquid crystal sealed between the pairof substrates, and a seal member for sealing peripheries of the pair ofsubstrates, and characterized in that at a step of injecting the liquidcrystal into a space between the pair of substrates, the liquid crystalis injected into the space between the pair of substrates so that aninjection speed of the liquid crystal in a vicinity of the seal memberis lower than an injection speed of the liquid crystal in a displayregion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relation between an irradiation intensityof UV light and a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a schematic construction of a liquidcrystal display device according to example 1-1 of a first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the luminance distribution of a display regionof the liquid crystal display device according to the example 1-1 of thefirst embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relation between an applied voltage and apre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relation between an irradiation wavelengthof UV light and a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relation between an irradiation time of UVlight and a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule;

FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic views showing a state of a liquid crystaldisplay device of a comparative example at the time of formation of aliquid crystal layer;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the main construction of a liquidcrystal display device according to various examples of a secondembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a part of a pixel electrode in whichminute slits forming an alignment pattern are formed;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a state at the time of formation ofa liquid crystal layer;

FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic views showing a state at the time offormation of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 2-1 of the second embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic views showing a state at the time offormation of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 2-2 of the second embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 13A and 13B are schematic views showing a state at the time offormation of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 2-3 of the second embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 14A to 14C are schematic views showing a state at the time offormation of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 2-4 of the second embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 15A and 15B are schematic views showing a vertical alignment typeliquid crystal display device;

FIGS. 16A to 16C are conceptual views (No. 1) expressing a state inwhich a liquid crystal is injected;

FIGS. 17A and 17B are conceptual views (No. 2) expressing a state inwhich a liquid crystal is injected;

FIGS. 18A and 18B are schematic views showing a horizontal alignmenttype liquid crystal display device;

FIGS. 19A and 19B are schematic views showing a liquid crystal displaydevice according to example 3-1 of a third embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 20A to 20D are schematic views showing a manufacturing method ofthe liquid crystal display device according to the example 3-1 of thethird embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view showing a modified example (No. 1) of theliquid crystal display device according to the example 3-1 of the thirdembodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 22A to 22D are schematic views showing a modified example (No. 1)of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the example 3-1 of the third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view showing a modified example (No. 2) of theliquid crystal display device according to the example 3-1 of the thirdembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 24 is a schematic view showing a modified example (No. 3) of theliquid crystal display device according to the example 3-1 of the thirdembodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 25A to 25D are schematic views showing a modified example (No. 3)of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the example 3-1 of the third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 3-2 of the third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 27 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to a modified example of the example 3-2 of the thirdembodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 28A and 28B are sectional views showing a liquid crystal displaydevice according to example 3-3 of the third embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 29 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to a modified example (No. 1) of the example 3-3 of the thirdembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 30 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to a modified example (No. 2) of the example 3-3 of the thirdembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to a modified example (No. 3) of the example 3-3 of the thirdembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 32 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to a modified example (No. 4) of the example 3-3 of the thirdembodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 33A and 33B are sectional views showing a liquid crystal displaydevice according to a modified example (No. 5) of the example 3-3 of thethird embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 34A to 34C are sectional views showing a liquid crystal displaydevice according to a modified example (No. 6) of the example 3-3 of thethird embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 35 is a sectional view showing the main construction of a liquidcrystal display device;

FIGS. 36A and 36B are schematic views showing the main construction of aliquid crystal display device;

FIGS. 37A and 37B are schematic views showing the main construction of aliquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 38 is a schematic view showing the main construction of the liquidcrystal display device according to the fourth embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 39 is a schematic view showing a comparison to the liquid crystaldisplay device according to the fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 40 is a schematic view showing a comparison to the liquid crystaldisplay device according to the fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 41 is a schematic view showing a specific construction of a liquidcrystal display device according to example 4-1 of the fourth embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 42 is a view showing a display region of a conventional liquidcrystal display device;

FIG. 43 is a graph showing a luminance distribution of the conventionalliquid crystal display device; and

FIG. 44 is a schematic view showing the conventional liquid crystaldisplay device.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment

A liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of theinvention, a manufacturing method of the same, and a liquid crystaldisplay device's substrate used for the same will be described by usingexamples.

Example 1-1

First, a liquid crystal display device according to example 1-1 of thisembodiment and a manufacturing method thereof will be described withreference to FIGS. 1 to 3. In this example, when a polymer forregulating the alignment of a liquid crystal molecule at the time ofdriving is formed, the irradiation intensity of UV light to beirradiated is made different for each region, so that the same pre-tiltangle is given to a liquid crystal layer in the whole display region. Bythis, uniform T-V characteristics can be obtained in the whole displayregion.

The principle of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal displaydevice according to this example will be described. FIG. 1 is a graphshowing the relation between the irradiation intensity of UV light andthe pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule. The horizontal axisindicates the irradiation intensity (mW/cm²) of the UV light, and thevertical axis indicates the pre-tilt angle (deg.) of the liquid crystalmolecule obtained after the irradiation of the UV light. Incidentally, avoltage (for example, 5 V) by which a display screen has white luminanceis applied to a liquid crystal layer. An irradiation time of the UVlight is 100 seconds. As shown in FIG. 1, as the irradiation intensityof the UV light becomes high, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystalmolecule obtained after the irradiation of the UV light becomes small.However, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule becomesalmost constant at an irradiation intensity of 50 mW/cm² or more.

In this example, the UV light with irradiation intensity B is irradiatedto the region α as shown in FIG. 42, and the UV light with irradiationintensity B′ (B′>B) higher than the irradiation intensity B isirradiated to the region β to polymerize a monomer. By this, even in theregion β in which the concentration of the monomer is lower than that inthe region α, the pre-tilt angle almost equal to that of the region αcan be obtained by the irradiation of the UV light with the irradiationintensity B′ higher than the irradiation intensity B. That is, the T-Vcharacteristic of the region α and the T-V characteristic of the regionβ become almost equal to each other, and an uneven luminance occurringon the display screen can be reduced.

Next, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described more specifically. FIG. 2shows a schematic sectional construction of a liquid crystal displaypanel 1 used for this example. As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystaldisplay panel 1 is constituted by a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate2 and a CF substrate 4 disposed to be opposite to the TFT substrate 2.The TFT substrate 2 includes pixel electrodes 20 formed for respectivepixels on a glass substrate 16. The CF substrate 4 includeslight-shielding films 24 for defining the respective pixels on a glasssubstrate 17. A CF resin layer of one of red (R), green (G) and blue (B)is formed on each pixel. A common electrode 22 is formed on the CF resinlayers of R, G and B.

A liquid crystal layer 6 in which a liquid crystal and a lightpolymerizable monomer are mixed is sealed between the TFT substrate 2and the CF substrate 4. The liquid crystal layer 6 is injected through aliquid crystal injection port 12 (not shown in FIG. 2) formed at one endpart of the liquid crystal display panel 1.

First, a voltage by which a display screen has white luminance isapplied between the pixel electrode 20 on the TFT substrate 2 and thecommon electrode 22 on the CF substrate 4. Subsequently, in the statewhere the voltage is applied between both the electrodes 20 and 22, UVlight is irradiated through a prescribed mask to polymerize the monomerin the liquid crystal layer 6. A drawing pattern of a gray mask isformed in the mask so that the transmission factor of the region βbecomes higher than the transmission factor of the region α. By this,the intensity of the UV light irradiated to the liquid crystal layer inthe region β becomes higher than that in the region α. The liquidcrystal display device is completed through the above process.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the luminance distribution of the liquidcrystal display device fabricated by using the manufacturing method ofthe liquid crystal display device according to this example andcorresponding to FIG. 43. As shown in FIG. 3, according to this example,the luminance in the region β is improved and the almost uniformluminance distribution can be obtained in the whole display region 10.Accordingly, the liquid crystal display device which has no unevenluminance and has excellent display characteristics can be obtained.

Besides, according to this example, even in a region where a cell gap isdifferent from that of another region, for example, in the vicinity ofthe liquid crystal injection port 12 or in the vicinity of a sealmember, the T-V characteristic can be made almost equal to that in theother region by making the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal moleculedifferent. Accordingly, excellent display characteristics can beobtained in which the uneven luminance does not exist in the vicinity ofthe liquid crystal injection port 12 of the display region 10 or in thevicinity of a frame.

Incidentally, when the manufacturing method of the liquid crystaldisplay device according to this example is used, an uneven luminance ofthe display region 10 caused by the luminance distribution of a lightsource device such as a backlight unit can also be reduced. If theluminance distribution of the light source device on the display region10 is previously grasped, correspondingly to the luminance distribution,the UV light with high irradiation intensity is irradiated to a regionhaving a relatively high luminance so that the pre-tilt angle of aliquid crystal molecule becomes small. The UV light with low irradiationintensity is irradiated to a region having a relatively low luminance sothat the pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule becomes large. Asstated above, correspondingly to the luminance distribution of a lightsource device the T-V characteristics of the respective regions of theliquid crystal display panel 1 are intentionally made different from oneanother, so that the uneven luminance occurring on the display screencan be reduced and excellent display characteristics can be obtained.

Example 1-2

Next, a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 1-2 of this embodiment will be described withreference to FIG. 4. In this example, in order to give differentpre-tilt angles to liquid crystal molecules of a pixel in which a CFresin layer of R is formed (hereinafter referred to as an R pixel), apixel in which a CF resin layer of G is formed (hereinafter referred toas a G pixel), and a pixel in which a CF resin layer of B is formed(hereinafter referred to as a B pixel), different voltages are appliedto the liquid crystal layer 6 for the respective colors when UV light isirradiated to polymerize a monomer.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relation between the applied voltage andthe pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule. The horizontal axisindicates the applied voltage (V) to the liquid crystal layer 6, and thevertical axis indicates the pre-tilt angle (deg.) of the liquid crystalmolecule obtained after the irradiation of a predetermined irradiationamount of UV light. As shown in FIG. 4, as the applied voltage to theliquid crystal layer 6 when the UV light is irradiated becomes large,the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule becomes small.

In this example, for example, a predetermined voltage Vr is applied tothe liquid crystal layer 6 of the R pixel, a voltage Vg having anabsolute value smaller than the voltage Vr is applied to the liquidcrystal layer 6 of the G pixel, and a voltage Vb having an absolutevalue smaller than the voltage Vg is applied to the liquid crystal layer6 of the B pixel (|Vr|>|Vg|>|Vb|). When the monomer is polymerized bythe irradiation of the UV light in this state, the pre-tilt angle of theliquid crystal molecule of the R pixel becomes relatively small, and thepre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule becomes large in sequenceof the G pixel and the B pixel. By this, a retardation is increasedwhich occurs in the liquid crystal layer 6 of the R pixel through whichred light susceptible to transmission factor relatively smaller thangreen is transmitted, and a retardation is decreased which occurs in theliquid crystal layer 6 of the B pixel through which blue lightsusceptible to transmission factor relatively larger than green istransmitted. As stated above, by correcting the light refractive indexesdifferent among the respective colors, the substantial magnitudes of theretardations occurring in the liquid crystal layer 6 of the respectivepixels can be made substantially equal to one another. Accordingly, theT-V characteristics in the display region can be made uniform, and adesired display image can be obtained.

Next, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described more specifically withreference to FIG. 2. First, as shown in FIG. 2, voltages Vr, Vg and Vb(|Vr|>|Vg|>|Vb|) are applied to the liquid crystal layer 6 of therespective pixels of R, G and B. Subsequently, a predeterminedirradiation amount of UV light is irradiated in the state where thevoltages are applied to the liquid crystal layer 6 and the monomer inthe liquid crystal layer 6 is polymerized. The liquid crystal displaydevice is completed through the above process.

Next, a description will be given of a modified example of themanufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device according tothis example and a liquid crystal display device's substrate used forthe same. In the CF substrate 4 used for this modified example, forexample, CF resin layers R, G and B are respectively formed of differentforming materials or to have different film thicknesses. When thetransmission factor of each pixel of R, G and B of the CF substrate 4 ismade Tr, Tg and Tb, an inequality of Tr>Tg>Tb is satisfied. When the UVlight is irradiated to the liquid crystal layer 6 from the side of theCF substrate 2, the irradiation intensity of the UV light to the liquidcrystal layer 6 becomes relatively large in the R pixel, and becomessmall in sequence of the G pixel and the B pixel. Thus, as shown in FIG.1, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecule of the R pixelbecomes relatively small, and the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystalmolecule becomes large in sequence of the G pixel and the B pixel.Accordingly, also in this example, the same effect as the above examplecan be obtained.

In the above examples 1-1 and 1-2, the irradiation intensity of the UVlight and the applied voltage are changed for each region, so that theT-V characteristics in the display region are made uniform, however,another method can also be used.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relation between an irradiation wavelengthof UV light and a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule. Thehorizontal axis indicates the irradiation wavelength (nm) of the UVlight, and the vertical-=axis indicates the pre-tilt angle (deg.) of theliquid crystal molecule obtained after the irradiation of the UV light.Incidentally, a predetermined voltage is applied to the liquid crystallayer 6, and a predetermined irradiation amount of UV light isirradiated. As shown in FIG. 5, when UV light with an irradiationwavelength of about 365 nm is irradiated, the pre-tilt angle of theliquid crystal molecule becomes smallest. Incidentally, the irradiationwavelength at which the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal moleculebecomes smallest varies by the monomer mixed in the liquid crystal.

When the UV light is irradiated, the irradiation wavelength of the UVlight irradiated to the liquid crystal layer 6 can be controlled byusing filters through which lights with different irradiationwavelengths for respective regions are transmitted. As stated above, bychanging the irradiation wavelength of the UV light for the respectiveregions, the same effect as the examples 1-1 and 1-2 can be obtained.

FIG. 6 shows the relation between an irradiation time of UV light and apre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule. The horizontal axisindicates the irradiation time (sec) of the light, and the vertical axisindicates the pre-tilt angle (deg.) of the liquid crystal moleculeobtained after the irradiation of the UV light. Incidentally, apredetermined voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 6, and theUV light with a predetermined irradiation intensity is irradiated. Asshown in FIG. 6, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal moleculebecomes small as the irradiation time becomes long until about 100seconds. However, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal moleculehardly changes when the irradiation time exceeds 100 seconds.

The irradiation time can be changed for each region by irradiating theUV light while a mask formed to have a predetermined drawing pattern ismoved, and a boundary part does not become noticeable on the displayscreen of the completed liquid crystal display device. As describedabove, by changing the irradiation time of the UV light for each region,the same effect as the examples 1-1 and 1-2 can be obtained.

As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible torealize the liquid crystal display device in which excellent displaycharacteristics can be obtained.

Second Embodiment

Next, a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodimentof the invention will be described.

(Basic Point)

First, the basic point of this embodiment will be described.

As a method in which an MVA mode liquid crystal display device isimproved to raise an aperture ratio and to increase brightness, and isalso improved in cost, the present inventor et al. have developed analignment regulating technique of obtaining a stable alignment by mixinga monomer, which is polymerized by light or heat, into a liquid crystaland by polymerizing it.

However, the alignment regulating technique has a problem relating toliquid crystal injection as described below.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, concerning a substrate (TFTsubstrate) 101 on which an active element, for example, a TFT isprovided, a seal member 104 for bonding a substrate (CF substrate) 102,which is disposed to be opposite to the former substrate and on which aCF (not shown) and a black matrix (BM) 103 are provided, is provided onthe outer peripheral part thereof. A liquid crystal injection port 105is provided in one side of the seal member 104. Irregular black occursin a half tone display at both end parts of a side opposite to theliquid crystal injection port 105. According to the study by the presentinventor et al., it has been found that the occurrence of the irregularblack is caused from the fact that the injection speed of an injectedliquid crystal in a non-display part (region between the BM 103 and theseal member 104) as a peripheral part of a display part is higher thanthat in the display part (region within the BM 103; here, it iscoincident with a disposition part of an alignment film 106) of animage.

As a result of a further detailed study, it has been found that as aportion of the non-display part which has no vertical alignment, thatis, a region outside the alignment film 106 (it has horizontalalignment) becomes wide, the liquid crystal injection speed in thenon-display part becomes high. In general, the liquid crystal injectionspeed in the vertical alignment part is low, and that in the horizontalalignment part is high. Then, the present inventor thought ofcontrolling the alignment of the non-display part to be almost equal tothe alignment (here, vertical) of the display part. Specifically, asdescribed below in detail, it is appropriate that the seal member andthe alignment film are made to approach each other so that the area ofthe non-display part becomes as small as possible, or an oil repellenttreatment is performed to the non-display part so that the liquidcrystal of the non-display part is made to have a pseudo verticalalignment. By this, the liquid crystal injection speed can be unified,and the occurrence of the irregular black in the half tone display canbe suppressed.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLES

On the basis of the foregoing basic point of this embodiment, specificexamples will be described. Here, a liquid crystal display deviceincluding a main construction as shown in FIG. 8 is made an object.

This liquid crystal display device is constituted by a pair oftransparent glass substrates 16 and 17 spaced by a predeterminedinterval and opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 6sandwiched between these transparent glass substrates 16 and 17. Thetransparent glass substrates 16 and 17 are bonded and fixed by anot-shown seal member.

Plural pixel electrodes 20 made of ITO and not-shown TFTs as activeelements are formed on the one transparent glass substrate (TFTsubstrate) 16 through an insulating layer 32, and a transparent verticalalignment film 26 a is formed so as to cover the pixel electrodes 20. ACF 28 (and a not-shown BM), a common electrode (opposite electrode) 22,and a vertical alignment film 26 b are sequentially stacked on the othertransparent glass substrate (CF substrate) 17. Then, the verticalalignment films 26 a and 26 b are made to opposite to each other to holdthe liquid crystal layer 6 therebetween, the glass substrates 16 and 17are fixed by the seal member, and polarizers 30 and 31 are providedoutside the respective substrates 16 and 17. The pixel electrodes 20 areformed together with an active matrix (TFT matrix), and in theillustrated example, a data bus line (drain bus line) 34 to which adrain electrode of a TFT is connected is shown. Besides, although notshown, a gate bus line to which a gate electrode of the TFT is connectedis also formed. Incidentally, the electrodes may be provided on only onesubstrate.

The liquid crystal layer 6 is formed by injecting a liquid crystalthrough a liquid crystal injection port provided in the seal member. Inthis example, monomers which are polymerized by light or heat are mixedin the liquid crystal. Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, minuteslits 20 a forming an alignment pattern is formed in the pixel electrode20. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, UV irradiation or heat treatment isperformed while a predetermined alternating voltage is applied to theinjected liquid crystal, so that the monomers are polymerized andpolymer structures 6 a regulated by the alignment pattern of the slits20 a are formed in the surface layers (surfaces of the verticalalignment films 26 a and 26 b) of the liquid crystal layer 6. The liquidcrystal molecules are regulated by the polymer structures 6 a and arealigned in accordance with the alignment pattern.

Example 2-1

FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic views showing a state at the time offormation of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 2-1 of this embodiment. FIG. 11A is a plan view andFIG. 11B is a sectional view along a short side.

In this liquid crystal display device, a seal member 42 surrounding avertical alignment film 26 a is provided on a TFT substrate 16, and a BM44 covering the periphery of a vertical alignment film 26 b is providedon a CF substrate 17. The seal member 42 is disposed adjacent to thevertical alignment film 26 a, and a non-display part of a region betweenthe BM 44 and the seal member 42 is made very narrow (there is also acase where they are made to coincide with each other). It is preferablethat the width of this non-display part is made, for example, 0.5 mm orless.

In this state, the liquid crystal is injected through a liquid crystalinjection port 12 provided in one side of the seal member 42. At thistime, since the non-display part hardly exists, and the verticalalignment films 26 a and 26 b cover the inner region of the seal member42, liquid crystal molecules are regulated by these over the wholesurface, and the liquid crystal injection is performed in the state ofvertical alignment. Accordingly, in this case, the difference in liquidcrystal injection speed as described above does not occur, the liquidcrystal layer 6 is formed at a uniform injection speed, and theoccurrence of the irregular black due to the difference of the liquidcrystal injection speed is suppressed.

As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device ofthis example, it is possible to easily and certainly improve theaperture ratio without causing defects such as an uneven display and torealize the liquid crystal display having high reliability.

Example 2-2

FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic views showing a state at the time offormation of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 2-2 of this embodiment. FIG. 12A is a plan view andFIG. 12B is a sectional view taken along a short side.

In this liquid crystal display device, a seal member 42 surrounding avertical alignment film 26 a is provided on a TFT substrate 16, and a BM44 covering the periphery of a vertical alignment film 26 b is providedon a CF substrate 17. The vertical alignment films 26 a and 26 b exceedthe BM 44 and are disposed to expand to the seal member 42. In thiscase, a region between the vertical alignment film 26 a or 26 b and theseal member 42 is made very narrow (there is also a case where they aremade to coincide with each other). It is preferable that the width ofthis region is made, for example, 0.5 mm or less.

In this state, the liquid crystal is injected through a liquid crystalinjection port 12 provided in one side of the seal member 42. At thistime, since a non-display part hardly exists, and the vertical alignmentfilms 26 a and 26 b cover the inner region of the seal member 42, liquidcrystal molecules are regulated by these over the whole surface, and theliquid crystal injection is performed in the state of verticalalignment. Accordingly, in this case, the difference in liquid crystalinjection speed as described above does not occur, the liquid crystallayer 6 is formed at a uniform injection speed, and the occurrence ofthe irregular black due to the difference in the liquid crystalinjection speed is suppressed.

As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device ofthis example, the aperture ratio can be easily and certainly improvedwithout causing defects such as an uneven display, and the liquidcrystal display having high reliability can be realized.

Example 2-3

FIGS. 13A and 13B are schematic views showing a state at the time offormation of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 2-3 of this embodiment. FIG. 13A is a plan view andFIG. 13B is a sectional view taken along a short side.

In this liquid crystal display device, a seal member 42 surrounding avertical alignment film 26 a is provided on a TFT substrate 16, and a BM44 covering the periphery of a vertical alignment film 26 b is providedon a CF substrate 17. A fluorine member 41 of an oil repellent resin iscoated and formed on a non-display part between the BM 44 and the sealmember 42.

In this state, the liquid crystal is injected through a liquid crystalinjection port 12 provided in one side of the seal member 42. At thistime, in the non-display part, the liquid crystal is repelled by thefluorine member 41 so that the liquid crystal molecules are brought intoa pseudo vertical alignment, and the liquid crystal injection isperformed in a state where the liquid crystal molecules are verticallyaligned over substantially the whole surface. Accordingly, in this case,the difference in liquid crystal injection speed as described above doesnot occurs, the liquid crystal layer 6 is formed at a uniform injectionspeed, and the occurrence of the irregular black due to the differencein liquid crystal injection speed is suppressed.

As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device ofthis example, the aperture ratio can be easily and certainly improvedwithout causing defects such as an uneven display, and the liquidcrystal display having high reliability can be realized.

Example 2-4

FIGS. 14A to 14C are schematic views showing a state at the time offormation of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to example 2-4 of this embodiment. FIG. 14A is a plan view,FIG. 14B is a sectional view taken along a short side, and FIG. 14C is asectional view taken along a long side.

In this liquid crystal display device, a seal member 42 surrounding avertical alignment film 26 a is provided on a TFT substrate 16, and a BM44 covering the periphery of a vertical alignment film 26 b is providedon a CF substrate 17.

Then, at a short side part in the drawing, that is, at a part oppositeto a liquid crystal injection port 12 in parts parallel to the liquidcrystal injection port 12, a non-display part is formed to be wide (wideregion 46) even when a comparison with FIGS. 7A and 7B is made. Further,at a long side part in the drawing (part orthogonal to the liquidcrystal injection port 12) and a short side part at the side of theliquid crystal injection port 12, the seal member 42 is disposedadjacent to the vertical alignment film 26 a, and a non-display part ofa region between the BM 44 and the seal member 42 is made very narrow(there is also a case where they are made to almost coincide with eachother). It is preferable that the width of this non-display part ismade, for example, 0.5 mm or less.

In this state, the liquid crystal is injected through the liquid crystalinjection port 12 provided in one side of the seal member 42. At thistime, a liquid crystal in which the concentration of a monomer is low isconfined in the wide region 46 most distant from the liquid crystalinjection port 12, and a retention region is locally formed. On theother hand, the non-display part hardly exists in the part other thanthe part opposite to the liquid crystal injection port 12, and thevertical alignment films 26 a and 26 b cover the inside region of theseal member 42, so that the liquid crystal molecules are regulated bythese over the whole surface, and the liquid crystal injection isperformed in the state of vertical alignment. Accordingly, in this case,the liquid crystal in the wide region 46 does not have a bad influence,the difference in liquid crystal injection speed as described above doesnot occur, the liquid crystal layer 6 is formed at a uniform injectionspeed, and the occurrence of the irregular black due to the differencein liquid crystal injection speed can be suppressed.

According to the liquid crystal display device of this example, theaperture ratio can be easily and certainly improved without causingdefects such as an uneven display, and the liquid crystal display havinghigh reliability can be realized.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the aperture ratio canbe easily and certainly improved without causing defects such as anuneven display and the liquid crystal display having high reliabilitycan be realized.

Third Embodiment

Next, a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment ofthe invention and a manufacturing method thereof will be described.First, the principle of this embodiment will be described.

As a result of an earnest study of the cause of occurrence of an unevendisplay, the present inventor has found that the cause relates to thefact that when a liquid crystal is injected into a liquid crystal cellby a vacuum injection method, an injection speed of the liquid crystalin the vicinity of a seal member is higher than an injection speed ofthe liquid crystal in a display region.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are schematic views showing a vertical alignment typeliquid crystal display device. FIG. 15B is a plan view showing a part ofthe liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 15A is a sectional viewtaken along line A-A′ of FIG. 15B. Incidentally, here, a spacer is notillustrated.

As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, a seal member 42 is provided at theperipheries of a pair of substrates 16 and 17 arranged to be opposite toeach other. Alignment films 26 a and 26 b for making liquid crystalmolecules vertically aligned are provided on the opposite surfaces ofthe substrates 16 and 17.

When a liquid crystal 6 having a negative dielectric anisotropy isinjected into a liquid crystal cell 14 like this, in the region wherethe alignment films 26 a and 26 b are provided, a liquid crystalmolecule 6 b is vertically aligned by the alignment films 26 a and 26 b,and advances toward the opposite side of the liquid crystal injectionport 12 (see FIG. 16A).

On the other hand, in the vicinity of the seal member 42, since thealignment films 26 a and 26 b are not provided, the alignment directionof a liquid crystal molecule 6 c becomes almost horizontal to thesubstrates 16 and 17.

The liquid crystal molecule 6 b vertically aligned has a tendency thatthe injection speed is low as compared with the liquid crystal molecule6 c having the horizontal alignment direction. Thus, when the liquidcrystal 6 is injected into the liquid crystal cell 14 by the vacuuminjection method, the liquid crystal 6 is not injected into the liquidcrystal cell 14 at a uniform speed totally, but the liquid crystal 6 isinjected at a high speed in the vicinity of the seal member 42, and theliquid crystal 6 is injected at a relatively low speed in a displayregion 10.

FIGS. 16A to 17B are conceptual views showing a state where the liquidcrystal is injected.

The inside of the liquid crystal cell 14 is made vacuous, and after theliquid crystal injection port 12 is immersed in a liquid crystal plate48 storing the liquid crystal 6, the pressure of the inside is returnedto the atmospheric pressure. Then, as shown in FIGS. 16A to 17A, theliquid crystal 6 is injected into the inside of the liquid crystal cell14 through the liquid crystal injection port 12.

Since the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 in the vicinity of theseal member 42 is higher than the injection speed of the liquid crystal6 in the display region 10, as shown in FIG. 17A, the liquid crystaladvancing along the seal member 42 reaches a corner part 50 opposite tothe liquid crystal injection port 12 quickly as compared with the liquidcrystal 6 advancing in the display region 10.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 17B, the liquid crystal 6 quickly advancing alongthe seal member 42 is turned back by the corner part 50 and collidesagainst the liquid crystal 6 advancing in the display region 10.

According to the study of the present inventor, it has been found thatthe uneven display is apt to occur at a place where the liquid crystal 6turned back by the corner part 50 collides against the liquid crystal 6advancing in the display region 10.

At the place where the uneven display occurs, that is, at the placewhere the liquid crystal 6 advancing along the seal member 42 at a highspeed and turned back by the corner part 50 collides against the liquidcrystal 6 advancing in the display region 10 at a relatively low speed,the composition ratio of the liquid crystal 6 varies slightly. Thus, itis conceivable that a difference occurs in electrooptic characteristics(voltage-transmission characteristics), and the uneven display occurs.

Incidentally, in a horizontal alignment type liquid crystal displaydevice, the uneven display hardly occurs.

FIGS. 18A and 18B are schematic views showing a horizontal alignmenttype liquid crystal display device. FIG. 18B is a plan view showing apart of the liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 18A is a sectionalview taken along line A-A′ of FIG. 18B.

As shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, alignment films 26 a′ and 26 b′ formaking a liquid crystal molecule horizontally aligned are provided onthe opposite surfaces of substrates 16 and 17.

When a liquid crystal 6′ is injected into a liquid crystal cell 15 likethis, the alignment directions of liquid crystal molecules 6 b′ becomealmost horizontal in both a region where the alignment films 26 a′ and26 b′ are formed and a region where the alignment films 26 a′ and 26 b′are not formed. Since the alignment directions of the liquid crystalmolecules 6 b′ are almost horizontal in any region, the liquid crystal6′ is injected into the liquid crystal cell 15 at an almost uniformspeed. Thus, in the case of the horizontal alignment type liquid crystaldisplay device, the phenomenon in which the liquid crystal 6′ is turnedback by the corner part hardly occurs, and the uneven display does notoccur.

Incidentally, one reason why this uneven display does not occur in thehorizontal alignment type liquid crystal display device is that theselectivity of materials in the horizontal alignment type liquid crystalis wider than that in the vertical alignment type liquid crystal, andexcellent liquid crystal materials have been developed.

Besides, it is conceivable that a liquid crystal material causes a statewhere an uneven display is apt to occur especially in a liquid crystaldisplay device of a system in which a pre-tilt angle is given by apolymer structure. Especially, it is conceivable that an influence iscaused by the fact that a polymerizable component capable of beingpolymerized by light or heat is contained in a liquid crystal.

From the result of the study like this, the present inventor hasconceived that if the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 in thevicinity of the seal member 42 is made low, it is possible to preventthe liquid crystal 6 advancing in the vicinity of the seal member 42from colliding against the liquid crystal 6 advancing in the displayregion 10, it is possible to prevent the formation of a place where thecomposition of the liquid crystal material becomes irregular, and theuneven display can be suppressed.

Example 3-1

A liquid crystal display device according to example 3-1 of thisembodiment and a manufacturing method thereof will be described by usingFIGS. 19A to 20D. FIGS. 19A and 19B are schematic views showing theliquid crystal display device according to this example. FIG. 19B is aplan view showing the liquid crystal display device according to thisexample, and FIG. 19A is a sectional view taken along line A-A′ of FIG.19B.

A TFT (not shown), a drain bus line (not shown), a gate bus line (notshown), a pixel electrode (not shown) and the like are formed on asubstrate 16. As the substrate 16, for example, a glass substrate isused. An alignment film (not shown) for making a liquid crystal moleculevertically aligned is formed on the substrate 16.

A substrate 17 is provided over the substrate 16 to be opposite to thesubstrate 16. A CF layer (not shown), a common electrode (not shown),and the like are formed on the substrate 17. As the substrate 17, forexample, a glass substrate is used. An alignment film (not shown) formaking a liquid crystal molecule vertically aligned is formed on thesubstrate 17.

A seal member 42 for sealing a liquid crystal 6 is provided atperipheral parts of the pair of substrates 16 and 17.

Plural injection delaying structures 18 for slowing the injection speedof the liquid crystal 6 are provided in the vicinity of the seal member42 at a side along a direction in which the liquid crystal 6 isinjected. The injection delaying structures 18 project in the directionalmost vertical to the seal member 42. Since the injection delayingstructures 18 function as resistors to block the flow of the liquidcrystal 6 when the liquid crystal 6 is injected, the injection speed ofthe liquid crystal 6 becomes low in the vicinity of the seal member 42.Incidentally, the injection delaying structures 18 are integrally formedof the same material as the seal member 42.

A liquid crystal cell 14 is constructed in this way.

The liquid crystal 6 is sealed in the liquid crystal cell 14. A verticalalignment type liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy isused for the liquid crystal 6. A polymerizable component such as amonomer or an oligomer is contained in the liquid crystal 6. As thepolymerizable component, a material polymerized by heat or light isused. The liquid crystal 6 like this is used in order to construct aliquid crystal display device of a system in which a pre-tilt angle isgiven by a polymer structure. Incidentally, with respect to the detailsof the monomer or the oligomer used for forming the liquid crystaldisplay device of the system in which the pre-tilt angle is given by thepolymer structure, the specification of Japanese Patent Application(Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-98455 and No. 2001-264117) by thepresent applicants may be referred to.

The liquid crystal injection port 12 is sealed by using a sealingmaterial 42 a.

In this way, the liquid crystal display device according to this exampleis constructed.

Next, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described with reference to FIGS. 20Ato 20D. FIGS. 20A to 20D are schematic views showing the manufacturingmethod of the liquid crystal display device according to this example.

The liquid crystal display device according to this example can bemanufactured by injecting the liquid crystal 6 into the foregoing liquidcrystal cell 14 by a vacuum injection method.

That is, the inside of the liquid crystal cell 14 is made vacuous, andafter the liquid crystal injection port 12 is immersed in a liquidcrystal plate 48 storing the liquid crystal 6, the pressure of theinside is returned to the atmospheric pressure. Then, as shown in FIG.20A, the liquid crystal 6 passes through the liquid crystal injectionport 12 and is injected into the inside of the liquid crystal cell 14.

Since the injection delaying structures 18 are provided in the vicinityof the seal member 42, the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 inthe vicinity of the seal member 42 becomes low. On the other hand, sincethe injection delaying structures 18 are not provided in the displayregion 10, the liquid crystal 6 is injected into the display region 10at a relatively high speed (FIGS. 20B and 20C).

Then, the liquid crystal 6 is not turned back by the corner part 50 ofthe liquid crystal cell 14, but is injected in the whole liquid crystalcell 14 (FIG. 20D).

In this way, the liquid crystal display device of this example ismanufactured.

As described above, according to this example, since the injectiondelaying structures 18 for slowing the injection speed of the liquidcrystal 6 are provided in the vicinity of the seal member 42, theinjection speed of the liquid crystal 6 in the vicinity of the sealmember 42 can be made low. Thus, according to this example, it ispossible to prevent the occurrence of such a state that the liquidcrystal 6 is turned back by the corner part 50 of the liquid crystalcell 14, and the liquid crystal 6 turned back by the corner part 50collides against the liquid crystal 6 advancing in the display region10. Therefore, according to this example, it is possible to prevent theformation of a place where the composition of the liquid crystal 6 isirregular, and to provide the liquid crystal display device having aless uneven display.

Modified Example (No. 1) of Example 3-1

Next, a modified example of the liquid crystal display device and themanufacturing method thereof according to this example will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 21 to 22D. FIG. 21 is a schematic view showing aliquid crystal display device according to this modified example. FIGS.22A to 22D are schematic views showing a manufacturing method of theliquid crystal display device according to this modified example.

First, the liquid crystal display device according to this modifiedexample will be described with reference to FIG. 21.

The liquid crystal display device according to this example has a mainfeature that the projection directions of injection delaying structures18 a for slowing the injection seed of the liquid crystal 6 are inclinedto the side of the liquid crystal injection port 12.

As shown in FIG. 21, in this modified example, the projection directionsof the injection delaying structures 18 a are inclined to the side ofthe liquid crystal injection port 12. That is, the projection directionsof the injection delaying structures 18 a are inclined in the directionopposite to the direction in which the liquid crystal 6 is injected. Theinjection delaying structures 18 a are integrally formed of the samematerial as the seal member 42.

Incidentally, here, the description has been given of the case where thesame material as the seal member 42 is used as the material of theinjection delaying structures 18 a, and the injection delayingstructures 18 a are formed integrally with the seal member 42, theinjection delaying structures 18 a may be formed by using a materialdifferent from the seal member 42.

In this way, a liquid crystal cell 14 a is constructed.

The liquid crystal 6 is sealed in the liquid crystal cell 14 a. Theliquid crystal injection port 12 is sealed by using a sealing material42 a.

In this way, the liquid crystal display device according to thismodified example is constructed.

According to this modified example, since the projection directions ofthe injection delaying structures 18 a are inclined to the side of theliquid crystal injection port 12, the injection delaying structures 18 afunction further powerfully as resistors to block the flow of the liquidcrystal 6 when the liquid crystal 6 is injected. Thus, according to thismodified example, the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 in thevicinity of the seal member 42 can be made to further decrease.

Besides, according to this modified example, since the injectiondelaying structures 18 a function further powerfully as the resistors toblock the flow of the liquid crystal 6, even in the case where thenumber of the provided injection delaying structures 18 a is few, itbecomes possible to slow the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 inthe vicinity of the seal member 42.

Next, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this modified example will be described with reference toFIGS. 22A to 22D.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example canbe manufactured by injecting the liquid crystal 6 into the liquidcrystal cell 14 a by a vacuum injection method.

That is, the inside of the liquid crystal cell 14 a is made vacuous, andafter the liquid crystal injection port 12 is immersed in a liquidcrystal plate 48 storing the liquid crystal 6, the pressure of theinside is returned to the atmospheric pressure. Then, as shown in FIG.22A, the liquid crystal 6 passes through the liquid crystal injectionport 12 and is injected into the inside of the liquid crystal cell 14 a.

Since the injection delaying structures 18 a are provided in thevicinity of the seal member 42, the injection speed of the liquidcrystal 6 in the vicinity of the seal member 42 becomes lower than thatin the case of the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal displaydevice shown in FIGS. 20A to 20D. On the other hand, since the injectiondelaying structures 18 a are not provided in the display region 10, theliquid crystal 6 is injected in the display region 10 at a relativelyhigh speed (see FIGS. 22B and 22C).

Then, the liquid crystal 6 is not turned back by the corner part 50 ofthe liquid crystal cell 14 a, but is injected in the whole liquidcrystal cell 14 a (see FIG. 22D).

In this way, the liquid crystal display device according to thismodified example is manufactured.

As stated above, the projection directions of the injection delayingstructures 18 a may be inclined to the side of the liquid crystalinjection port 12.

Modified Example (No. 2) of Example 3-1

Next, a modified example (No. 2) of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described with reference to FIG. 23.FIG. 23 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device accordingto this modified example.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that the shape of each of injection delaying structures18 b is key-shaped.

As shown in FIG. 23, in this modified example, the projection directionof each of the injection delaying structures 18 b is bent toward theside of the liquid crystal injection port 12. That is, in this modifiedexample, each of the injection delaying structures 18 b is bent towardthe direction opposite to the injection direction of the liquid crystal6. The injection delaying structures 18 b are integrally formed by usingthe same material as the seal member 42.

Incidentally, here, although the description has been given of the casewhere the same material as the seal member 42 is used as the material ofthe injection delaying structures 18 b, and the injection delayingstructures 18 b are formed integrally with the seal member 42, theinjection delaying structures 18 b may be formed by using a materialdifferent from the seal member 42.

In this way, a liquid crystal cell 14 b is constructed.

The liquid crystal 6 is sealed in the liquid crystal cell 14 b. Theliquid crystal injection port 12 is sealed by using a sealing material42 a.

In this way, the liquid crystal display device according to thismodified example is constructed.

According to this modified example, since each of the injection delayingstructures 18 b is bent toward the side of the liquid crystal injectionport 12, the injection delaying structures 18 b function furtherpowerfully as resistors to block the flow of the liquid crystal 6 whenthe liquid crystal 6 is injected. Thus, according to this modifiedexample, the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 in the vicinity ofthe seal member 42 can be made to further decrease.

Besides, according to this modified example, even in the case where thenumber of the provided injection delaying structures 18 b is fewer, itbecomes possible to slow the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 inthe vicinity of the seal member 42.

Modified Example (No. 3) of Example 3-1

Next, a modified example (No. 3) of the liquid crystal display deviceand the manufacturing method thereof according to this example will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 24 to 25D. FIG. 24 is a plan viewshowing a liquid crystal display device according to this modifiedexample. FIGS. 25A to 25D are schematic views showing a manufacturingmethod of the liquid crystal display device according to this modifiedexample.

First, the liquid crystal display device according to this modifiedexample will be described with reference to FIG. 24.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that injection delaying structures 18 b are thicklyprovided only in the vicinity of a corner part 50 opposite to a liquidcrystal injection port 12, and the injection delaying structures 18 bare thinly provided at the side of the liquid crystal injection port 12.

As shown in FIG. 24, the injection delaying structures 18 b are thicklyprovided in the vicinity of the corner part 50 opposite to the liquidcrystal injection port 12. The injection delaying structures 18 b areintegrally formed by using the same material as the seal member 42.

Incidentally, here, although the description has been given of the casewhere the same material as the seal member 42 is used as the material ofthe injection delaying structures 18 b, and the injection delayingstructures 18 b are formed integrally with the seal member 42, theinjection delaying structures 18 b may be formed by using a materialdifferent from the seal member 42.

On the other hand, the injection delaying structures 18 b are thinlyprovided at the side of the liquid crystal injection port 12.

Since the turn of the liquid crystal 6 is apt to occur at the cornerpart 50 opposite to the liquid crystal injection port 12, if theinjection delaying structures 18 b are thickly provided only in thevicinity of the corner part 50 opposite to the liquid crystal injectionport 12, it is possible to prevent the liquid crystal 6 from beingturned back by the corner part 50.

In this way, a liquid crystal cell 14 c is constructed.

The liquid crystal 6 is sealed in the liquid crystal cell 14 c. Theliquid crystal injection port 12 is sealed by using a sealing material42 a.

In this way, the liquid crystal display device according to thismodified example is constructed.

Next, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this modified example will be described with reference toFIGS. 25A to 25D.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example canbe manufactured by injecting the liquid crystal 6 into the liquidcrystal cell 14 c by a vacuum injection method.

That is, the inside of the liquid crystal cell 14 c is made vacuous, andafter the liquid crystal injection port 12 is immersed in a liquidcrystal plate 48 storing the liquid crystal 6, the pressure of theinside is returned to the atmospheric pressure. Then, as shown in FIG.25A, the liquid crystal 6 passes through the liquid crystal injectionport 12 and is injected into the inside of the liquid crystal cell 14 c.

Since the number of the provided injection delaying structures 18 b isfew at the side of the liquid crystal injection port 12, the injectionspeed of the liquid crystal 6 in the vicinity of the seal member 42becomes higher than the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 in thedisplay region 10 (see FIGS. 25B and 25C).

However, since the injection delaying structures 18 c are thicklyprovided at the side opposite to the liquid crystal injection port 12,at the side opposite to the liquid crystal injection port 12, theinjection speed of the liquid crystal 6 in the vicinity of the sealmember 42 becomes lower than the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6in the display region 10.

Then, the liquid crystal 6 is not turned back by the corner part 50 ofthe liquid crystal cell 14 c, but is injected in the whole liquidcrystal cell 14 c (see FIG. 25D).

In this way, the liquid crystal display device according to thismodified example is manufactured.

As stated above, the injection delaying structures 18 c may be thicklyprovided only in the vicinity of the corner part 50 opposite to theliquid crystal injection port 12 and may be thinly provided at the sideof the liquid crystal injection port 12. According to this modifiedexample, since it is sufficient if the injection delaying structures 18c are thickly provided only in the vicinity of the corner part 50 at theside opposite to the liquid crystal injection port 12, the degree offreedom in designing can be improved.

Example 3-2

A liquid crystal display device according to example 3-2 of thisembodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 26. FIG. 26 is asectional view showing the liquid crystal display device according tothis example. The same structural elements as those of the liquidcrystal display device according to the example 3-1 shown in FIGS. 19Ato 25D are designated by the same reference symbols and the explanationis omitted or is made in brief.

The liquid crystal display device according to this example has a mainfeature that structures 19 and 21 are formed on substrates 16 and 17differently from a seal member 42, and an injection delaying structure18 c is constructed by mutually combining the structures 19 and 21formed on the respective substrates 16 and 17.

As shown in FIG. 26, a columnar spacer 52 having a height of, forexample, 2.0 μm is provided on the substrate 16. The spacer 52 isprovided in the ratio of, for example, one to six pixels.

The structure 19 is provided on the substrate 16. The structure 19 isformed by using the same layer as a layer used when the spacer 52 isformed. Thus, the height of the structure 19 is equal to the height ofthe spacer 52.

A pillar spacer 54 having a height of, for example, 2.0 μm is formed onthe substrate 17. When the substrate 16 and the substrate 17 are bondedto each other, the spacer 52 and the spacer 54 are overlapped with eachother. The cell thickness is set to, for example, 4.0 μm by thesespacers 52 and 54.

The structure 21 is provided on the substrate 17. The structure 21 isconstructed by using the same layer as a layer used when the spacer 54is formed. Thus, the height of the structure 21 is equal to the heightof the spacer 54.

When the substrate 16 and the substrate 17 are bonded to each other, thestructure 19 and the structure 21 are overlapped with each other. Bythis, the injection delaying structure 18 c is constructed by thestructure 19 and the structure 21.

As stated above, the structures 19 and 21 may be formed by using thesame layers as the layers used when the spacers 52 and 54 are formed,and the injection delaying structure 18 c may be constructed bycombining these structures 19 and 21 with each other.

According to this example, since the structures 19 and 21 are formed byusing the same layers as the layers used when the spacers 52 and 54 areconstructed, the injection delaying structure 18 c constructed bycombining the structures 19 and 21 not only slows the injection speed ofthe liquid crystal 6, but also can function as a spacer.

Besides, according to this example, since the structures 19 and 21 areformed by using the same layers as the layers used when the spacers 52and 54 are formed, the liquid crystal display device having a lessuneven display can be provided at low cost without causing the increaseof the manufacturing process.

Modified Example of Example 3-2

Next, a modified example of the liquid crystal display device accordingto this example will be described with reference to FIG. 27. FIG. 27 isa sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device according tothis modified example.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that a laminate structure spacer 52 a is formed on asubstrate 16, and an injection delaying structure 18 d is constituted byusing the same laminate film as a laminate film constituting thelaminate structure spacer.

As shown in FIG. 27, the laminate structure spacer 52 a made of a firstspacer layer 53 a, a second spacer layer 53 b, and a third spacer layer53 c are formed on the substrate 16.

Besides, the laminate structure injection delaying structure 18 d madeof a first structure layer 19 a, a second structure layer 19 b, and athird structure layer 19 c is formed on the substrate 16 and in thevicinity of a seal member 42. The first structure layer 19 a is formedby using the same layer as the layer used when the first spacer layer 53a is formed. The second structure layer 19 b is formed by using the samelayer as the layer used when the second spacer layer 53 b is formed. Thethird structure layer 19 c is formed by using the same layer as thelayer used when the third spacer layer 53 c is formed. That is, theinjection delaying structure 18 d is constituted by using the samelaminate film as the laminate film used when the laminate structurespacer 52 a is formed.

As stated above, the injection delaying structure 18 d may beconstituted by using the same laminate film as the laminate film usedwhen the laminate structure spacer 52 a is formed.

Example 3-3

A liquid crystal display device according to example 3-3 of thisembodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 28A and 28B. FIGS.28A and 28B are schematic views showing the liquid crystal displaydevice according to this example. FIG. 28B is a plan view, and FIG. 28Ais a sectional view taken along line A-A′ of FIG. 28B. The samestructural elements as those of the liquid crystal display device andthe manufacturing method thereof according to the examples 3-1 and 3-2shown in FIGS. 19A to 27 are designated by the same reference symbolsand the explanation is omitted or is made in brief.

The liquid crystal display device according to this example has a mainfeature that a cell thickness d₁ in the vicinity of a seal member 42 ismade less than a cell thickness d₂ in a display region 10, so that theinjection speed of a liquid crystal 6 in the vicinity of the seal member42 is made low.

As shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, an injection delaying structure 18 ehaving a thickness of, for example, 2.0 μm is formed on a substrate 16.The injection delaying structure 18 e is formed into, for example, aplane shape, that is, a mat shape.

Since the injection delaying structure 18 e is formed in the vicinity ofthe seal member 42, the cell thickness d, in the vicinity of the sealmember 42 is less than the cell thickness d₂ in the display region 10.Specifically, the cell thickness d₁ in the vicinity of the seal member42 is, for example, 2.0 μm, and the cell thickness d₂ in the displayregion 10 is, for example, 4.0 μm.

As stated above, in this example, since the cell thickness d₁ in thevicinity of the seal member 42 is less than the cell thickness d₂ in thedisplay region 10, the injection speed of the liquid crystal 6 in thevicinity of the seal member 42 can be made lower than the injectionspeed of the liquid crystal 6 in the display region 10. Accordingly,also in this example, it is possible to prevent the liquid crystal 6turned back by the corner part 50 of the liquid crystal cell 14 fromcolliding against the liquid crystal 6 advancing in the display region10. Accordingly, also in this example, it is possible to prevent theformation of a place where the composition of the liquid crystal 6 isirregular, and the liquid crystal display device having a less unevendisplay can be provided.

Modified Example (No. 1) of Example 3-3

Next, a modified example (No. 1) of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described with reference to FIG. 29.FIG. 29 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this modified example.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that an injection delaying structure 18 f is formed byusing the same layer as a layer used when a spacer 52 is formed.

As shown in FIG. 29, the spacer 52 is formed on a substrate 16.

Besides, the injection delaying structure 18 f is formed on thesubstrate 16. The injection delaying structure 18 f is formed into a matshape similarly to the injection delaying structure 18 e shown in FIGS.28A and 28B. The injection delaying structure 18 f is formed by usingthe same layer as the layer used when the spacer 52 is formed. Thus, theheight of the injection delaying structure 18 f is equal to the heightof the spacer 52.

As stated above, the injection delaying structure 18 f may be formed ofthe same layer as the layer used when the spacer 52 is formed.

According to this modified example, since the injection delayingstructure 18 f is formed by using the same layer as the layer used whenthe spacer 52 is formed, the liquid crystal display device having a lessuneven display can be provided at low cost without causing the increaseof the manufacturing process.

Modified Example (No. 2) of Example 3-3

Next, a modified example (No. 2) of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described with reference to FIG. 30.FIG. 30 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this modified example.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that an injection delaying structure 18 g is formed byusing the same layer as a first spacer layer 53 a constituting alaminate structure spacer 52 a.

As shown in FIG. 30, the laminate structure spacer 52 a made of thefirst spacer layer 53 a, a second spacer layer 53 b, and a third spacerlayer 53 c is formed on the substrate 16.

Besides, the injection delaying structure 18 g is formed on thesubstrate 16 and in the vicinity of a seal member 42. The injectiondelaying structure 18 g is formed into a mat shape similarly to theinjection delaying structure 18 e shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B. Theinjection delaying structure 18 g is formed by using the same layer asthe layer used when the first spacer layer 53 a is formed. Thus, theheight of the injection delaying structure 18 g is equal to the heightof the first spacer 53 a.

As stated above, the injection delaying structure 18 g may be formed byusing the same layer as the layer used when the first spacer 53 aconstituting the laminate structure spacer is formed.

According to this modified example, since the injection delayingstructure 18 g is formed by using the same layer as the layer used whenthe first spacer layer 53 a constituting the laminate structure spaceris formed, the liquid crystal display device having a less unevendisplay can be provided at low cost without causing the increase of themanufacturing process.

Modified Example (No. 3) of Example 3-3

Next, a modified example (No. 3) of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described with reference to FIG. 31.FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this modified example.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that an injection delaying structure 18 h is formed byusing the same layer as a layer used when a linear alignment regulatingstructure 55 is formed.

As shown in FIG. 31, the alignment regulating structure 55 is formed ona substrate 16. The alignment regulating structure 55 is for regulatingthe alignment direction of a liquid crystal molecule. The alignmentregulating structure 55 is formed to be, for example, linear.

Besides, the injection delaying structure 18 h is provided on thesubstrate 16 and in the vicinity of a seal member 42. The injectiondelaying structure 18 h is formed by using the same layer as the layerused when the alignment regulating structure 55 is formed.

An alignment regulating structure 56 is formed on a substrate 17.

In this way, the liquid crystal display device according to thismodified example is constructed.

As stated above, the injection delaying structure 18 h may be formed byusing the same layer as the layer used when the alignment regulatingstructure 55 is formed.

According to this modified example, since the injection delayingstructure 18 h is formed by using the same layer as the layer used whenthe alignment regulating structure 55 is formed, the liquid crystaldisplay device having a less uneven display can be provided at low costwithout causing the increase of the manufacturing process.

Modified Example (No. 4) of Example 3-3

Next, a modified example (No. 4) of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described with reference to FIG. 32.FIG. 32 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this modified example.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that an injection delaying structure 18 i is formed byusing the same layer as a layer used when a projection like alignmentregulating structure 57 is formed.

As shown in FIG. 32, the alignment regulating structure 57 is formed ona substrate 16. The alignment regulating structure 57 is for regulatingthe alignment direction of a liquid crystal molecule. The alignmentregulating structure 57 is formed into, for example, a projection form.

Besides, the injection delaying structure 18 i is provided in thevicinity of a seal member 42 on the substrate 16. The injection delayingstructure 18 i is formed by using the same layer as a layer used whenthe alignment regulating structure 57 is formed.

In this way, the liquid crystal display device according to thismodified example is constructed.

As stated above, the injection delaying structure 18 i may be formed byusing the same layer as the layer used when the alignment regulatingstructure 57 is formed.

According to this modified example, since the injection delayingstructure 18 i is formed by using the same layer as the layer used whenthe alignment regulating structure 57 is formed, the liquid crystaldisplay device having a less uneven display can be provided at low costwithout causing the increase of the manufacturing process.

Modified Example (No. 5) of Example 3-3

Next, a modified example (No. 5) of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described with reference to FIGS. 33Aand 33B. FIGS. 33A and 33B are schematic views according to thismodified example. FIG. 33B is a plan view, and FIG. 33A is a sectionalview taken along line A-A′ of FIG. 33B.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that in addition to the side of a substrate 16, aninjection delaying structure 18 j is provided at the side of a substrate17.

As shown in FIGS. 33A and 33B, an injection delaying structure 18 e isprovided on the substrate 16 and in the vicinity of a seal member 42.

The injection delaying structure 18 j is provided on the substrate 17and in the vicinity of the seal member 42. The injection delayingstructure 18 j is also formed into a mat shape similarly to theinjection delaying structure 18 e.

In this modified example, since the injection delaying structures 18 eand 18 j are provided on both the substrates 16 and 17, a cell thicknessd₃ in the vicinity of the seal member 42 can be made less. Accordingly,according to this modified example, the injection speed of the liquidcrystal 6 in the vicinity of the seal member 42 can be made further low.Accordingly, according to this modified example, it is possible tofurther effectively prevent the liquid crystal turned back by the cornerpart 50 of the liquid crystal cell 14 from colliding against the liquidcrystal 6 advancing in the display region 10. Accordingly, according tothis modified example, it is possible to further prevent the formationof a place where the composition of the liquid crystal 6 is irregular.

Modified Example (No. 6) of Example 3-3

Next, a modified example (No. 6) of the liquid crystal display deviceaccording to this example will be described with reference to FIGS. 34Ato 34C. FIGS. 34A to 34C are schematic views showing a liquid crystaldisplay device according to this modified example. FIG. 34A is asectional view showing the liquid crystal display device according tothis modified example. FIG. 34B is a plan view (No. 1) showing a patternof an injection delaying structure. FIG. 34C is a plan view (No. 2)showing a pattern of an injection delaying structure.

The liquid crystal display device according to this modified example hasa main feature that the plane shape of an injection delaying structure18 e provided at the side of a substrate 16 is not symmetrical to theplane shape of an injection delaying structure 18 k provided at the sideof a substrate 17.

As shown in FIGS. 34A to 34C, the injection delaying structure 18 e isformed on the substrate 16 and in the vicinity of a seal member 42. Theinjection delaying structure 18 e is formed into a mat shape.

The injection delaying structure 18 k is formed on the substrate 17 andin the vicinity of the seal member 42. The injection delaying structure18 k has such a shape that a predetermined pattern is repeated.

As stated above, the plane shape of the injection delaying structure 18e provided at the side of the substrate 16 may not be symmetrical to theplane shape of the injection delaying structure 18 k provided at theside of the substrate 17.

(Various Modifications)

This embodiment can be variously modified in addition to the aboveexamples.

For example, in the above examples, although the description has beengiven of the case where the principle of this embodiment is applied tothe liquid crystal display device of the system in which the pre-tiltangle is given by the polymer structure, the invention is not limited tothe liquid crystal display device of the system in which the pre-tiltangle is given by the polymer structure, but can be applied to anyliquid crystal display device. However, in the vertical alignment typeliquid crystal display device, especially in the liquid crystal displaydevice of the system in which the pre-tilt angle is given by the polymerstructure, since there is a tendency that the uneven display is apt tooccur, it is especially effective to apply this embodiment.

As described above, according to this embodiment, since the injectiondelaying structure for slowing the injection speed of the liquid crystalis provided in the vicinity of the seal member, the injection speed ofthe liquid crystal in the vicinity of the seal member can be made low.Thus, according to this embodiment, it is possible to prevent theoccurrence of such a state that the liquid crystal is turned back by thecorner part of the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal turnedback by the corner part collides against the liquid crystal advancing inthe display region. Accordingly, according to this embodiment, it ispossible to prevent the formation of a place where the composition ofthe liquid crystal is irregular, and the liquid crystal display devicehaving a less uneven display can be provided.

Fourth Embodiment

Next, a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodimentof the invention will be described.

This embodiment relates to a liquid crystal display device, andparticularly to a liquid crystal display device of a vertical alignmenttype and of a system in which the alignment of a liquid crystal moleculeis controlled by using an alignment regulating force of a polymer formedby light polymerization or the like.

As already stated, although the MVA mode liquid crystal display devicehas excellent visual angle characteristics, since many complicatedstructures such as projections for regulating alignment or slits areprovided in the pixel plane, there is a problem that the aperture ratiois inevitably lowered, and the brightness is inferior. Further, it cannot be neglected that the formation itself of the many minute and finestructures complicates the manufacturing process and increases themanufacturing cost.

This embodiment has been made in view of the above problem, and anobject is to provide a liquid crystal display device in which anaperture ratio can be improved easily and certainly without causingdefects such as disclination in a pixel and which realizes a highluminance and high reliable liquid crystal display.

As a result of an earnest study, the present inventor(s) (have)conceived various modes of this embodiment described below.

A liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is a liquid crystaldisplay device in which a first substrate including a first electrodeand a second substrate including a second electrode are bonded throughan alignment film and a liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layerincludes in a liquid crystal a polymer structure for aligning a liquidcrystal molecule in a predetermined direction, the first electrode ofthe first substrate has the shape of comb teeth, a connection part forconnecting the respective comb teeth is formed at least at one end part,and the second substrate includes a projection at a part opposite to theconnection part.

(Basic Point)

First, the basic point of this embodiment will be described.

As a method of improving an MVA mode liquid crystal display device,improving an aperture ratio to increase brightness, and raising thelevel in cost as well, the present inventor et al., have developed analignment regulating technique for obtaining a stable alignment bymixing a monomer capable of being polymerized by light or heat in aliquid crystal and by polymerizing it.

As shown in FIG. 35, this liquid crystal display device is constitutedby a pair of transparent glass substrates 16 and 17 spaced by apredetermined interval and opposite to each other, and a liquid crystallayer 6 sandwiched between the transparent glass substrates 16 and 17.The transparent glass substrates 16 and 17 are bonded and fixed by anot-shown seal member.

Plural pixel electrodes 20 made of ITO and not-shown TFTs as activeelements are formed on the one transparent glass substrate (TFTsubstrate) 16 through homogeneous insulating layers 32 a and 32 b, and atransparent vertical alignment film 26 a is formed so as to cover thepixel electrodes 20. A CF 28, a common electrode 22 and a verticalalignment film 26 b are sequentially stacked on the other transparentglass substrate (CF substrate) 12. Then, vertical alignment films 26 aand 26 b are made to face each other so as to hold the liquid crystallayer 6 therebetween, and the glass substrates 16 and 17 are fixed by aseal member. Polarizers 30 and 31 are provided at the outsides of therespective substrates 16 and 17. The pixel electrodes 20, together withan active matrix (TFT matrix), are formed, and a data bus line 34 towhich a drain electrode of a TFT is connected is shown in theillustrated example. Besides, although not shown, a gate bus line towhich a gate electrode of the TFT is connected is also formed.Incidentally, the electrodes may be provided on only one substrate.

The liquid crystal layer 6 is formed by injection of a liquid crystalthrough a liquid crystal injection port. In this embodiment, monomerscapable of being polymerized by light or heat are mixed in the liquidcrystal. UV irradiation or heat treatment is carried out while apredetermined alternating voltage is applied to the injected liquidcrystal, so that the monomers are polymerized and polymer structuresregulated by an alignment pattern of comb teeth are formed in the liquidcrystal layer 6. Liquid crystal molecules are regulated by the polymerstructures and are aligned according to the alignment pattern.

In addition to the above construction, in order to make the alignmentcontrol of the liquid crystal molecules fine and to further improvelight transmission factor, as shown in FIGS. 36A and 36B (FIG. 36A is aplan view, and FIG. 36B is a sectional view), a construction has beendesigned such that slits formed in the pixel electrode 20 made of ITOare made simple, and the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in twodirections at the time of application of a voltage. Incidentally, in thefollowing FIGS. 36A to 41, with respect to the alignment films 26 a and26 b and the like, their illustration is omitted for convenience.

In FIG. 36A, a pixel is formed to be surrounded by a data bus line 34and a gate bus line 36 orthogonal thereto. The pixel electrode 20 isworked into the shape of minute comb teeth, and is constructed such thata connection part 20 c for connecting respective comb teeth 20 b isprovided. Further, a TFT 40 as an active element is provided at one endof the pixel electrode 20. The connection part 20 c extends almostparallel to the data bus line 34, the left ends of the respective combteeth 20 b are connected in the upper part of the pixel electrode 20 inFIG. 36A, and the right ends of the respective comb teeth 20 b areconnected in the lower part. By this, the liquid crystal molecules areinclined in the two different directions in one pixel.

However, in this case, as shown in FIG. 36B, by the electric field atthe connection part 20 c of the pixel electrode 20, a regulating forceis exerted on liquid crystal molecules positioned above the connectionpart 20 c to incline them in the reverse direction to the liquid crystalmolecules positioned above the comb teeth 20 b. Thus, a disclinationoccurs above the connection part 20 c, which becomes one of causes tolower the transmission factor.

In the liquid crystal display device of the construction shown in FIGS.36A and 36B, in order to suppress the occurrence of the disclination,the present inventors have conceived providing a bank-like projection 38at a part of the CF substrate 17 opposite to the connection part 20 c inorder to correct the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules above theconnection part 20 c as shown in FIGS. 37A and 37B (FIG. 37A is a planview, and FIG. 37B is a sectional view).

When the projection 38 is provided on the CF substrate 17 at a portionopposite to the connection part 20 c and a region where the data busline 34 closest to the connection part 20 c exists, as shown in FIG.37B, the liquid crystal molecule which is about to be inclined in thereverse direction to the liquid crystal molecules above the comb teeth20 b is regulated by the projection 38, and is inclined in the samedirection as the liquid crystal molecules above the comb teeth 20 b. Bythis, the occurrence of the disclination can be prevented.

In order to effectively use the projection 38, it is desirable that thehighest position of the projection 38 is positioned closer to the databus line 34 than the end of the connection part 20 c of the pixelelectrode 20 (see (i) of FIG. 38). When the highest position of theprojection 38 is positioned inside the end of the connection part 20 c,the liquid crystal molecule above the connection part 20 c is inclinedin the reverse direction to the liquid crystal molecules above the combteeth 20 b by the opposite side oblique surface of the projection 38(see FIG. 39). By providing the projection 38 as in (i) of FIG. 38, theliquid crystal molecule above the connection part 20 c is regulated bythe oblique surface of the projection 38 and is certainly inclined inthe same direction (forward direction) as the liquid crystal moleculesabove the comb teeth 20 b.

In order to further effectively use the projection 38, it is desirablethat the end part of the projection 38 at the side of the pixelelectrode 20 is positioned inside the pixel electrode 20 with respect tothe center of the connection part 20 c (see (ii) of FIG. 38). That is,in the case where the oblique surface to incline the liquid crystalmolecule in the forward direction is not positioned in a region widerthan a region where the liquid crystal molecule is inclined in thereverse direction by an electric field, the effect lessens (see FIG.40). By disposing the projection 38 as in (ii) of FIG. 38, a sufficientinclination in the forward direction can be obtained even above theconnection part 20 c.

However, the transmission factor drops in the region where theprojection 38 exists. According to the investigation of the presentinventor et al., it has been found that when the width of the portion ofthe projection 38 falling within the pixel region is 5 μm or less, thetransmission factor of the liquid crystal display device in the casewhere the projection 38 is provided is higher than that in the casewhere it is not provided (see (iii) of FIG. 38).

Besides, it has been found that in order to prevent a bad influence onan adjacent pixel, it is desirable that the end part of the projection38 at the side of the data bus line 34 is inside the outside (adjacentpixel side) end part of the data bus line 34 (see (iv) of FIG. 38).

Further, when the width of each of the comb teeth 20 b is too narrow,there is a fear that they are broken, and on the other hand, when it istoo wide, the liquid crystal molecules are not inclined in the directionparallel to the comb teeth 20 b. Besides, when a distance between thecomb teeth 20 b is too narrow, there is a fear that a short circuit iscaused between the adjacent comb teeth 20 b, and on the other hand, whenit is too wide, the liquid crystal molecules are not inclined in thedirection parallel to the slit. Then, it is preferable that the distancebetween the comb teeth 20 b and the width of each of the comb teeth 20 bare set to be from 0.5 μm to 5 μm. Similarly, it is preferable that acut place between a connection portion of the TFT 40 and a connectionportion of the minute ITO is also set to be from 0.5 μm to 5 μm.

Example 4-1

Based on the foregoing basic point of this embodiment, specific example4-1 will be described. Here, a liquid crystal display device shown inFIG. 41 was fabricated.

In this example, vertical alignment films are used as the alignmentfilms 26 a and 26 b, and a liquid crystal having a negative dielectricanisotropy is used. Two polarizing plates bonded to both sides of aliquid crystal panel are disposed in crossed Nicols. The liquid crystaldisplay device according to this example has a normally black mode. Thepolarizing axis of the polarizing plate is inclined by 45° with respectto the data bus line 34, the panel size is 15 inches in diagonal, andthe resolution is XGA.

In this liquid crystal display device, the width of the projection 38 is10 μm, and the highest part (apex part) of the projection 38 ispositioned at the center of a region sandwiched between the end part ofthe pixel electrode 20 and the end part of the data bus line 34.Further, the end part of the projection 38 at the side of the pixelelectrode 20 is positioned inside the pixel electrode 20 with respect tothe center of the connection part 20 c. Here, the width of a portion ofthe projection 38 within the pixel region was 4 μm. This liquid crystaldisplay device is made a sample A.

Sample B and C were fabricated for comparison with the sample A.

The sample B is a liquid crystal display device having such aconstruction that the width of the projection 38 is 10 μm, the apex partof the projection 38 is positioned 2 μm inside the end part of the pixelelectrode 20, and the width of a portion of the projection 38 within thepixel region is 7 μm. On the other hand, the sample C is a liquidcrystal display device having such a construction that the apex part ofthe projection 38 is positioned outside the end part of the pixelelectrode 20, and the width of a portion of the projection 38 within thepixel region is 5 μm.

In addition to the samples B and C, the liquid crystal display device ofthe construction of FIG. 36A was made sample D, and when the luminancewas compared between the sample D and the samples A, B and C, theluminance in the sample A was improved by 5% as compared with the sampleD, the luminance in the sample B was lowered by 1% as compared with thesample D, and the sample C exhibited the luminance comparable to thesample D. As stated above, explicit superiority of the sample A of thisexample was verified.

As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device ofthis embodiment, it becomes possible to easily and certainly improve theaperture ratio without causing defects such as disclination in a pixeland to realize the liquid crystal display device having high luminanceand high reliability.

The invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can bemodified variously.

For example, in the above embodiment, although the liquid crystaldisplay device of the normally black mode is cited as an example, theinvention is not limited to this, but can be applied to a liquid crystaldisplay device of a normally white mode.

Besides, in the above embodiment, although the transmission liquidcrystal display device is cited as an example, the invention is notlimited to this, but can be applied to another liquid crystal displaydevice such as a reflection or transfrective liquid crystal displaydevice.

Besides, in the first, second and fourth embodiments, although thedescription has been given of the example in which the monomer is citedas an example of the polymerizable component, an oligomer may benaturally made to be contained as the polymerizable component in theliquid crystal layer.

As described above, according to the invention, it is possible torealize the liquid crystal display device in which excellent displaycharacteristics can be obtained.

Besides, according to the invention, the aperture ratio can be easilyand certainly improved without causing defects such as an unevendisplay, and the liquid crystal display having high reliability can berealized.

Further, according to the invention, since the injection delayingstructure for slowing the injection speed of the liquid crystal isprovided in the vicinity of the seal member, the injection speed of theliquid crystal in the vicinity of the seal member can be made low. Thus,according to the invention, it is possible to prevent the occurrence ofsuch a state that the liquid crystal is turned back by the corner partof the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal turned back by thecorner part collides against the liquid crystal advancing in the displayregion. Therefore, according to the invention, it is possible to preventthe formation of a place where the composition of the liquid crystal isirregular, and further, the liquid crystal display device having a lessuneven display can be provided.

1. A liquid crystal display device's substrate comprising: a substratedisposed to be opposite to another substrate, between which a liquidcrystal layer containing a polymer polymerized by ultraviolet light toregulate a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule and/or analignment direction at a time of driving is sandwiched; color filterresin layers formed on the substrate; and pixel regions arranged inmatrix form on the substrate and having different transmission factorsof the ultraviolet light for respective colors of the color filter resinlayers.
 2. A liquid crystal display device's substrate according toclaim 1, wherein when the transmission factor of a red pixel is Tr, thetransmission factor of a green pixel is Tg, and the transmission factorof a blue pixel is Tb, the transmission factors satisfy an inequality ofTr>Tg>Tb.
 3. A liquid crystal display device's substrate according toclaim 1, wherein formation materials of the color filter resin layersare different among the respective colors.
 4. A liquid crystal displaydevice's substrate according to claim 1, wherein film thicknesses of thecolor filter resin layers are different among the respective colors. 5.A liquid crystal display device comprising: two substrates arranged tobe opposite to each other; and a liquid crystal layer sealed between thesubstrates; wherein a liquid crystal display device's substrateaccording to claim 1 is used as one of the substrates.